Nutritional Supplement

Black Cohosh

How to Use It

Black cohosh can be taken in several forms, including crude, dried root or rhizome (300–2,000 mg per day), or as a solid, dry powdered extract (250 mg three times per day). Standardized extracts of the herb are available. The recommended amount is 20–40 mg twice per day.34 The best researched extract provides 1 mg of deoxyactein per 20 mg of extract. Tinctures can be taken at 2–4 ml three times per day.35 According to the German Commission E Monographs, black cohosh can be taken for up to six months, and then it should be discontinued.36

References

1. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, 2d ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1996, 88-9.

2. Castleman M. The Healing Herbs. Emmaus, PA: Rodale Press, 1991, 75-8.

3. Jarry H, Harnischfeger G, Düker E. Studies on endocrine effects of the contents of Cimicifuga racemosa. 2. In vitro binding of compounds to estrogen receptors. Planta Medica 1985;51:316-9.

4. Jarry H, Harnischfeger G. Studies on endocrine effects of the contents of Cimicifuga racemosa. 1. Influence on the serum concentration of pituitary hormones in ovariectomized rats. Planta Medica 1985;51:46-9.

5. Düker EM, Kopanski L, Jarry H, Wuttke W. Effects of extracts from Cimicifuga racemosa on gonadotropin release in menopausal women and ovariectomized rats. Planta Medica 1991;57:420-4.

6. Einer-Jensen N, Zhao J, Andersen KP, Kristoffersen K. Cimicifuga and Melbrosia lack estrogenic effects in mice and rats. Maturitas 1996;25:149-53.

7. Liske E, Wüstenberg P, Boblitz N. Human pharmacological investigations during treatment of climacteric complaints with Cimicifuga racemosa (Remifemin®): No estrogen-like effects [Poster presentation]. 2nd International Congress on Phytomedicine, London, October 15-16, 1998.

8. Stoll W. Phytopharmaceutical influences atrophic vaginal epithelium. Double-blind study on Cimicifuga versus an estrogen preparation. Therapeutikon 1987;1:23-32.

9. Warnecke G. Using phyto-treatment to influence menopause symptoms. Med Welt 1985;36:871-4.

10. Liske E, Wüstenberg P. Therapy of climacteric complaints with Cimicifuga racemosa: a herbal medicine with clinically proven evidence [Abstract #98.0020]. Poster Presentation, 9th Annual Meeting of the North American Menopause Society, Toronto, Canada, September 16-9, 1998.

11. Kadota S, Li JX, Li HY, et al. Effects of cimicifugae rhizome on serum calcium and phosphate levels in low calcium dietary rats and on bone mineral density in ovariectomized rats. Phytomed 1996/97;3(4):379-85.

12. Liske E. Therapeutic efficacy and safety of Cimicifuga racemosa for gynecological disorders. Advances Therapy 1998;15:45-53.

13. Nappi RE, Malavasi B, Brundu B, Facchinetti F. Efficacy of Cimicifuga racemosa on climacteric complaints: a randomized study versus low-dose transdermal estradiol. Gynecol Endocrinol 2005;20:30-5.

14. Lieberman S. A review of the effectiveness of Cimicifuga racemosa (black cohosh) for the symptoms of menopause. J Womens Health 1998;7:525-9.

15. Newton KM, Reed SD, LaCroix AZ, et al. Treatment of vasomotor symptoms of menopause with black cohosh, multibotanicals, soy, hormone therapy, or placebo: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2006;145:869-79.

16. Uebelhack R, Blohmer JU, Graubaum HJ, et al. Black cohosh and St. John's wort for climacteric complaints: a randomized trial. Obstet Gynecol 2006;107:247-55.

17. Uebelhack R, Blohmer JU, Graubaum HJ, et al. Black cohosh and St. John's wort for climacteric complaints: a randomized trial. Obstet Gynecol 2006;107:247-55.

18. Blumenthal M, Busse WR, Goldberg A, et al., eds. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Austin: American Botanical Council and Boston: Integrative Medicine Communications, 1998, 90.

19. Murray MT. The Healing Power of Herbs. Rocklin, CA: Prima Publishing, 1995, 376.

20. Bradley PR, ed. British Herbal Compendium, vol 1. Bournemouth, Dorset, UK: British Herbal Medicine Association, 1992, 34-6.

21. Blumenthal M, Busse WR, Goldberg A, et al. (eds). The Complete Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Boston, MA: Integrative Medicine Communications, 1998, 90.

22. Liske E. Therapeutic efficacy and safety of Cimicifuga racemosa for gynecological disorders. Advances Therapy 1998;15:45-53.

23. Nappi RE, Malavasi B, Brundu B, Facchinetti F. Efficacy of Cimicifuga racemosa on climacteric complaints: a randomized study versus low-dose transdermal estradiol. Gynecol Endocrinol 2005;20:30-5.

24. Lieberman S. A review of the effectiveness of Cimicifuga racemosa (black cohosh) for the symptoms of menopause. J Womens Health 1998;7:525-9.

25. Newton KM, Reed SD, LaCroix AZ, et al. Treatment of vasomotor symptoms of menopause with black cohosh, multibotanicals, soy, hormone therapy, or placebo: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2006;145:869-79.

26. Uebelhack R, Blohmer JU, Graubaum HJ, et al. Black cohosh and St. John's wort for climacteric complaints: a randomized trial. Obstet Gynecol 2006;107:247-55.

27. Uebelhack R, Blohmer JU, Graubaum HJ, et al. Black cohosh and St. John's wort for climacteric complaints: a randomized trial. Obstet Gynecol 2006;107:247-55.

28. Blumenthal M, Busse WR, Goldberg A, et al., eds. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Austin: American Botanical Council and Boston: Integrative Medicine Communications, 1998, 90.

29. Murray MT. The Healing Power of Herbs. Rocklin, CA: Prima Publishing, 1995, 376.

30. Bradley PR, ed. British Herbal Compendium, vol 1. Bournemouth, Dorset, UK: British Herbal Medicine Association, 1992, 34-6.

31. Blumenthal M, Busse WR, Goldberg A, et al. (eds). The Complete Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Boston, MA: Integrative Medicine Communications, 1998, 90.

32. Kadota S, Li JX, Li HY, et al. Effects of cimicifugae rhizome on serum calcium and phosphate levels in low calcium dietary rats and on bone mineral density in ovariectomized rats. Phytomed 1996/97;3(4):379-85.

33. Foster S. Herbs for Your Health. Loveland, CO: Interweave Press, 1996, 12-3.

34. Murray MT. The Healing Power of Herbs. Rocklin, CA: Prima Publishing, 1995, 376.

35. Bradley PR, ed. British Herbal Compendium, vol 1. Bournemouth, Dorset, UK: British Herbal Medicine Association, 1992, 34-6.

36. Blumenthal M, Busse WR, Goldberg A, et al. (eds). The Complete Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Boston, MA: Integrative Medicine Communications, 1998, 90.

37. Gruenwald J. Standardized black cohosh (Cimicifuga) extract clinical monograph. Quart Rev Nat Med 1998;Summer:117-25.

38. Cohen SM, O'Connor AM, Hart J, et al. Autoimmune hepatitis associated with the use of black cohosh: a case study. Menopause 2004;11:575-7.

39. Levitsky J, Alli TA, Wisecarver J, Sorrell MF. Fulminant liver failure associated with the use of black cohosh. Dig Dis Sci 2005;50:538-9.

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The information presented by TraceGains is for informational purposes only. It is based on scientific studies (human, animal, or in vitro), clinical experience, or traditional usage as cited in each article. The results reported may not necessarily occur in all individuals. For many of the conditions discussed, treatment with prescription or over the counter medication is also available. Consult your doctor, practitioner, and/or pharmacist for any health problem and before using any supplements or before making any changes in prescribed medications. Information expires December 2024.